Open Access

Birol Fitik, Elosy Kathambi, Konstantin Nille-Hauf, Jörg Schänzlin

• This study examines the sustainable construction techniques for earthen walls, with a specific emphasis on alternatives to conventional stabilization methods that have been proven to have significant environmental impacts. Despite the accessibility, cost, and thermal efficiency advantages provided by earthen construction materials, their use is frequently restricted by challenges related to weather resistance and durability, especially with respect to rainfall exposure conditions. This study, therefore, examines and makes recommendations on alternative approaches to the construction of unstabilized earthen walls, such as compressed earth blocks (CEBs), by leveraging natural fibres reinforcements and high compressive strength, optimizing soil mixture proportions and strategic improvements to architecture like extended roof overhangs and environmentally conscious cladding or plastering. Additionally, to increase load- bearing capacity and durability against adverse environmental conditions, structural strengthening with timber elements within walls is recommended. These methods offer an environmentally friendly alternative to building earthen buildings that are durable and retain structural integrity without using high-carbon materials. The findings also confirm ongoing innovation efforts in earthen construction, which are meant to improve sustainability, and lower carbon footprints, with their potential to address housing challenges globally, especially in low-income areas. Further research is recommended to optimize these techniques for broader adoption.