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The introduction of ChatGPT in November 2022 by OpenAI has stimulated substantial discourse on the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in various domains such as academia, business, and society at large. Although AI has been utilized in numerous areas for several years, the emergence of generative AI (GAI) applications such as ChatGPT, Jasper, or DALL-E are considered a breakthrough for the acceleration of AI technology due to their ease of use, intuitive interface, and performance. With GAI, it is possible to create a variety of content such as texts, images, audio, code, and even videos. This creates a variety of implications for businesses requiring a deeper examination, including an influence on business model innovation (BMI). Therefore, this study provides a BMI perspective on GAI with two primary contributions: (1) The development of six comprehensive propositions outlining the impact of GAI on businesses, and (2) the discussion of three industry examples, specifically software engineering, healthcare, and financial services. This study employs a qualitative content analysis using a scoping review methodology, drawing from a wide-ranging sample of 513 data points. These include academic publications, company reports, and public information such as press releases, news articles, interviews, and podcasts. The study thus contributes to the growing academic discourse in management research concerning AI’s potential impact and offers practical insights into how to utilize this technology to develop new or improve existing business models.
We measure the tax advantage of public firms over private firms, which operate at municipality level in the German household solid waste disposal industry. Public firms with sovereign duties pay no taxes, but equivalent private firms have to. In a simple risk-free setting, we develop a measure of the percentage difference of the charges of both types of firms demanded under their respective tax treatments. We model a cost-covering public firm and a net present value maximizing private firm. For sensible model parameters from the German waste disposal industry the private firm has to demand an about 16% to 18% higher charge. The by far biggest impact on the measure has the value added tax, with revenues as a much larger tax base than profits. Tax savings, which directly affect pre-tax profits, only alleviate the disadvantage bit. There is some evidence that at least one type of private firms—that is, private law firms that are also majority privately owned, are productive enough to overcome the tax advantage of public firms and be able to charge a lower price than public firms.
The literature on differential taxation of asset specific payoffs presents different representations of security market lines (SMLs), with puzzling features such as parallel lines and lines with the same intercept but different slopes - a security market fan. We show that these results can be traced back to using different combinations of pre-tax and after-tax figures for betas and expected returns. Above all, for betas based on returns and a stochastic discount factor (SDF), there is a single SML in after-tax expected return and after-tax beta space. Using pre-tax values for betas and/or expected returns leads to different representations in the respective beta and expected return space. With betas that use the market return instead of the SDF, it is important to distinguish whether tax payments are redistributed back to the agents. If they are, a single SML can only be obtained through a beta using the pre-tax market return and the after-tax return of single assets. In addition to SML representations,
we also discuss differential taxation with respect to mean-variance frontiers in expected return and standard deviation spaces.
Das Center for Corporate Transactions & Private Equity (CCTPE) an der HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management ermittelt vierteljährlich Multiplikatoren, Betafaktoren und Eigenkapitalkosten für den deutschen Kapitalmarkt und stellt diese CORPORATE FINANCE zur Verfügung. Im Folgenden finden Sie die entsprechenden Daten zum Stichtag 15.01.2021.
Das Center for Corporate Transactions & Private Equity (CCTPE) an der HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management ermittelt vierteljährlich Multiplikatoren, Betafaktoren und Eigenkapitalkosten für den deutschen Kapitalmarkt und stellt diese CORPORATE FINANCE zur Verfügung. Im Folgenden finden Sie die entsprechenden Daten zum Stichtag 15.01.2020.
Das Center for Corporate Transactions & Private Equity (CCTPE) an der HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management ermittelt vierteljährlich Multiplikatoren, Betafaktoren und Eigenkapitalkosten für den deutschen Kapitalmarkt und stellt diese CORPORATE FINANCE zur Verfügung. Im Folgenden finden Sie die entsprechenden Daten zum Stichtag 15.04.2020.
Das Center for Corporate Transactions & Private Equity (CCTPE) an der HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management ermittelt vierteljährlich Multiplikatoren, Betafaktoren und Eigenkapitalkosten für den deutschen Kapitalmarkt und stellt diese CORPORATE FINANCE zur Verfügung. Im Folgenden finden Sie die entsprechenden Daten zum Stichtag 15.07.2020.
Standard models on firm valuation, incorporating risky debt, assume a certain tax treatment of a cancellation of indebtedness (COD). Most valuation procedures solely discuss two polar cases: either the COD is strictly taxed on its entirety or not taxed at all. Considering the predominant national tax jurisdictions in G7 and many other countries, this assumption is far from being realistic. We model a state dependent taxation of a COD considering the firm's state in default and further contingencies, including a partial taxation. We show how to include this stochastic interdependency into the pricing of the value of the tax shield and the WACC. Compared to the case of full taxation of a COD this potentially increases the value of tax savings and decreases the discount rate, since less taxes are paid in states with exceptions of a tax on a COD, vice versa for the case of no taxation on a COD. Furthermore, in case of an exemption from taxation of a COD, pricing equations depend on the distribution of total losses on interest and principal payments.
Der Lehrstuhl Finanzmanagement und Banken an der HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management ermittelt vierteljährlich Multiplikatoren, Beta-Faktoren und Eigenkapitalkosten für den deutschen Kapitalmarkt und stellt diese auf der Internetseite www.finexpert.info und in CORPORATE FINANCE zur Verfügung. Die Daten zeichnen sich durch Transparenz und Nachvollziehbarkeit aus. Im Folgenden finden Sie die entsprechenden Daten zum Stichtag 15.04.2019.