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Herausforderungen annehmen
(2022)
Employees are a very important source of innovation and essential for the generation, dissemination and implementation of these ideas throughout the organization. This is especially relevant when considering innovation in services during service (co-) creation such as within the healthcare sector. However, perceived employee involvement in innovation (EII) and between stakeholder group interactions in hospitals has not yet been studied in detail. This paper addresses the following research questions: “How do different employee groups perceive their involvement in the innovation process in hospitals and how do their actual involvement levels differ?” and (2) “How do different employee groups perceive their interaction with other employee groups in the innovation process and how do their actual interactions differ?” We analyzed a single typical German research hospital and conducted episodic interviews with employees representing different staff groups. We revealed that while all groups of employees are involved in innovation activities, perception of their involvement in innovation activities differs widely. There is a gap between perception and actual involvement particularly for lower level employees such as nurses. Further, their interaction differs among employee groups and innovation takes place in-group, rather than through group interaction. With our paper, we add to the understanding of perceived EII in hospitals and discuss measures for hospital management to increase EII.
A higher degree of digitalization in new ventures’ product/service offerings and their processes can lead to a faster time to market and the ability to rapidly scale. Hence, it has the possibility to significantly impact the performance. To increase the degree of digitalization in new ventures, they can implement a digital strategy. Currently there is no evidence if this measure has a strong impact on the degree of digitalization. We therefore empirically investigate the influence of a digital strategy on the degree of digitalization in new ventures’ products/services and processes. We analyzed 102 new ventures using SEM. Building on the contingency theory, we show that only having a digital strategy is insufficient to achieve a high degree of digitalization. The digitalization of products/services is partially mediated by digital IT capabilities, and the effect of digital strategy on process digitalization is partially mediated by digital IT capabilities and a digital culture.
Innovation is an important value lever, especially within small- and medium-sized companies. However, little research has examined its influence within the investment process of equity investment funds – a surprising circumstance since innovation could increase an investment’s value. This study provides insights into equity investment funds’ perspective on innovation throughout the various phases of the investment process. We conducted in-depth interviews with investment professionals from 30 German-based equity investment funds. Our results show that innovation’s importance depends on the strategic orientation of the equity investment fund type. In addition, our study provides an overview of the criteria, methods, and mechanisms equity investment funds use to support innovation. We show that the emphasis of many equity investment funds on innovation during the identification of investment targets is not reflected in the measures the fund later employs to support innovation processes within the portfolio company. This indicates potential for equity investment funds to be more actively involved in the supervision and management of innovation activities of their portfolio companies. Keywords: Venture capital, corporate venture capital, private equity, family offices, innovation, investment strategy
Digital Entrepreneurship
(2020)
Digital new ventures
(2020)
Das Leipziger Führungsmodell
(2019)
Das Leipziger Führungsmodell ist ein mehrdimensionaler Orientierungsrahmen, der sich an Studierende und Führungskräfte richtet. Er kann auf verschiedene Organisationsgrößen und -arten in unterschiedlichen Branchen wie auch in öffentlichen Organisationen angewendet werden.
Im Mittelpunkt stehen vier zeitlose Führungsfragen:
- Verfolgen wir ein übergeordnetes Ziel? (Purpose)
- Denken und handeln wir unternehmerisch? (Unternehmergeist)
- Ist unser Handeln legitim? (Verantwortung)
- Sind wir effektiv? (Effektivität)
Neu (im Sinne einer Wiederbesinnung) daran ist die konsequente Verknüpfung von Sinn- und Wertfragen mit den strategischen und operativen Aufgaben unternehmerischer Tätigkeit. Mit dem Modell geht auch die Überzeugung einher, wonach es in einer grundsätzlich nicht beherrschbaren Welt darauf ankommt, handlungsfähig zu bleiben und eine Haltung auszubilden, wonach die Führungskraft sich über einen Wertbeitrag und nicht über Status, Wissen oder Macht definiert.
Das Projekt GISBERT - Gründungen in die Spitzencluster BioEconomy Region transportieren - unterstützte die Etablierung von Gründungsförderungsaktivitäten durch die Verzahnung der Gründungs- und Innovationsstrukturen in der Region des BioEconomy Clusters Mitteldeutschland sowie die Identifizierung und Sensibilisierung potentieller Gründer im Bereich Bioökonomie und deren Unterstützung bei der Entwicklung geeigneter Geschäftsmodelle und Startups. Das Projekt wurde vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF, FKZ 031B0049) gefördert und federführend durch die HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management sowie durch die BioEconomy Cluster Management GmbH koordiniert. In dem Projekt wurden Gründungs- und Ausgründungsvorhaben mit biobasierten Geschäftsmodellen durch vielfältige Dienstleistungen und ein weit verzweigtes Partnernetzwerk unterstützt.
The importance of innovation in healthcare has increased within the last decades as challenges, like rising costs and an aging demographic, have to be solved. The degree of innovativeness in healthcare is strongly influenced by the National Health Innovation System, which as a sectoral innovation system encompasses a wide variety of actors and related knowledge. Despite the highly practical relevance of the topic, there are only a few studies that analyze innovation in healthcare on a national level. Thus, this study is a starting point and, building on the theoretical framework of national innovation systems, answers the following questions: “Can countries be grouped by their innovation output in healthcare and do those groups differ in factors describing the healthcare system? Do countries with strong national innovation systems also have strong national health innovation systems and vice versa?” We compare the healthcare innovation output of 30 OECD countries using a multi-indicator approach and categorize them into four distinct groups using cluster analysis. The cluster consisting of the Scandinavian countries, the Netherlands and Switzerland shows the highest innovation output measured in knowledge production and knowledge commercialization. Surprisingly, these countries, with the exception of Switzerland, only rank in the medium group when considering the entire national innovation system. Policymakers and researchers might be particularly interested in studying the healthcare systems of these countries.
In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat das deutsche Gesundheitssystem viele Veränderungen durchlaufen. Vor allem der rapide technische Wandel, der durch Digitalisierung und Individualisierung der Medizin vorangetrieben wird, stellt Krankenhäuser und deren Partner vor neue Herausforderungen. Gleichzeitig bieten sich aber auch neue Chancen für bestehende wie für neue Anbieter im Gesundheitswesen. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, entlang des Netzwerkansatzes als Bezugsrahmen für das Boundaryless Hospital Opportunitäten für Entrepreneure im Gesundheitswesen aufzuzeigen. Neben der Betrachtung von Netzwerktreibern anhand illustrativer Beispiele und deren Implikation für Start-ups, werden auch die aktuellen Vernetzungsbarrieren im deutschen Gesundheitssystem beleuchtet. Abschließend werden Empfehlungen ausgesprochen, wie diese Hindernisse überwunden werden können, um die Potentiale des Boundaryless Hospitals im Interesse der Patienten besser zu heben.
Besides facing challenges like globalization, agglomeration, digitalization, and demographical change, a nation finds its growth and development to be strongly influenced by its innovativeness. Innovation emanates from interaction and knowledge flows, and countries’ systems of innovation shape the manifold innovation processes. Cities are the focal point of these processes, as they serve as regional hubs that facilitate the interplay between all involved actors and the exchange of related knowledge. Consequently, cities as fonts of innovation are central to policymakers’ concerns. Despite cities’ high value as a unit of analysis, few studies have investigated strategies leading to a high innovative capacity in cities. However, much research has occurred at the national level. Among this, one study introduces an innovative methodology to identify so called pathways to success for European member states using a comparative method. As the national level is an aggregate of the lower levels, the authors assume that such proven concepts from the national level also apply to cities and claim that different innovation strategies with the same outcome exist, thus allowing cities to define appropriate policies in line with their specific preconditions. The few academic works on the determinants of innovative capacity of European (secondary) capital cities, as well as several practical studies in this field, provide first evidence of the truth of this theory. Drawing on these fragmented sources, the authors propose a consolidated set of 43 variables reflecting a local innovation ecosystem, thus setting the scene for a quantitative proof of the concept in the future.
Die Herausforderungen des digitalen Wandels markieren den Beginn einer neuen industriellen Revolution. Wenngleich die Digitalisierung ein bekanntes Phänomen darstellt, so resultiert die besondere betriebswirtschaftliche Bedeutung des derzeit stattfindenden digitalen Wandels aus vier Triebkräften: Exponentialität, Neu- und Rekombination von Informationen, sinkende Grenzkosten und Sprengung der Grenzen der Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion. Insofern sind tradierte Ansätze des geplanten Wandels durch ein ganzheitliches und kontinuierliches Innovations- und Change Management zu ersetzen. Ansätze des ‚permanent Change‘ nehmen hierauf Bezug und die Offenheit sowie Bereitschaft für Veränderungen selbst werden ein Teil der Unternehmenskultur und -identität und avancieren somit zu einem Erfolgsfaktor der marktorientierten Unternehmensführung.
Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) has become a key method in international marketing research. Users of PLS-SEM have, however, largely overlooked the issue of endogeneity, which has become an integral component of regression analysis applications. This lack of attention is surprising because the PLS-SEM method is grounded in regression analysis, for which numerous approaches for handling endogeneity have been proposed. To identify and treat endogeneity, and create awareness of how to deal with this issue, this study introduces a systematic procedure that translates control variables, instrumental variables, and Gaussian copulas into a PLS-SEM framework. We illustrate the procedure’s efficacy by means of empirical data and offer recommendations to guide international marketing researchers on how to effectively address endogeneity concerns in their PLS-SEM analyses.
While the media portrayal of the US entrepreneur is dominated by the young tech-savvy college dropout, the German entrepreneur is often characterised as an experienced engineer with a PhD. But is this really the case? Drawing on qualitative and quantitative data of 90 venture capital-backed new technology-based firms, this paper explores two research questions: How do the backgrounds and competencies of German high-tech founders differ and do these differences affect the success of the venture? Cluster analysis revealed three representative types of German entrepreneurs: the scientist, the practice-oriented technician, and the business professional. Surprisingly, the scientist ranks lowest in social, business and managerial competencies as well as having the lowest success. However, this founder type raises the highest iestments. In contrast, the practice-oriented technician is the most successful. The results of this study offer support to iestors in improving their investment strategy.
Venture Capital is one of the most important sources of financing for young technology-based companies. However, investments in new ventures are classified as high-risk investments due to the high failure rate. Therefore, risk management is one of the core activities of venture capital firms (VCF). Until now, risk management of VCF hasn’t received much attention in literature despite its high practical relevance. In the current study, we analyze how VCF perform risk management and how measures differ in investment phases. 500 original documents of nine different VCF were analyzed. Risk management measures identified includes risk measurement, contracting, risk controlling, risk steering and active involvement. Risk controlling was the one most described in the documents. Further, we identified differences between the systematization and professionalization of different VCF and between different investments within a VCF. Abstract in German: Venture Capital ist eine der bedeutendsten Finanzierungsformen für junge, technologieorientierte Unternehmen. Jedoch sind Investitionen in solche Unternehmen aufgrund der hohen Wahrscheinlichkeit des Scheiterns für Venture Capital Firmen (VCF) mit hohen Risiken verbunden. Das Risikomanagement gehört daher zu den Kernaktivitäten von VCF. Trotz der hohen praktischen Relevanz für VCF wurde das Thema in der Forschung bislang nur wenig betrachtet. In der vorliegenden Studie haben wir daher untersucht, wie VCF Risikomanagement auf der Ebene der Portfoliounternehmen anwenden und inwiefern sich die Maßnahmen in den einzelnen Phasen des Investitionsprozesses unterscheiden. Dazu haben wir 500 Originaldokumente von neun VCF untersucht. Die Bereiche Risikomessung, Vertragsgestaltung, Risikocontrolling, Risikosteuerung und aktive Einflussnahme konnten als Risikomanagementmaßnahmen identifiziert werden. Dem Risikocontrolling kam dabei die größte Bedeutung zu. Es zeigten sich darüber hinaus Unterschiede in der Ausprägung der Systematik und Professionalisierung, sowohl zwischen verschiedenen VCF als auch verschiedenen Investments der einzelnen VCF.
Venture capital is an important resource for new ventures with no access to the capital market. However, venture capital companies' investment decisions could be extremely risky. Assessing and managing risk is therefore a major task of venture capital companies. Despite the topic's high practical relevance, there is very little literature in this field. We aim to extend the academic discussion by investigating the risk types and risk assessment in venture capital investments. We analysed more than 500 deal documents of nine German venture capital companies, resulting in 2,452 qualitative quotes. We categorised these quotes into seven risk types, namely financial, market, strategy, technology, production, human capital, and legal risks, implying their relevance during the VC investment process. Market risk and technology risk are mentioned the most in the due diligence and the decision papers. Financial risk with 710 quotes is the most often documented risk considering all venture capital documents.