The emergence of FinTechs, InsurTechs and the ever-increasing regulatory pressure have accelerated insurance companies' need to innovate their business models and to find novel sources of value creation and cost-saving. This study provides a deep insight into various internal and external barriers influencing business model innovation in the German insurance industry. Results of interviews conducted with 23 experts working in established insurance firms operating in Germany showed that internal barriers constitute more of a hindrance than external barriers. This dynamic holds especially true for regulations, as the fear of breaching external regulation fosters the development of even stronger internal rules that fundamentally impede business model innovation.

Im Rahmen der marktorientierten Unternehmensführung übernimmt der Kunde zunehmend eine aktive Rolle des Mitentwicklers von Produkten und Dienstleistungen. Hier bestehen bereits Konzepte der interaktiven Wertschöpfung, wie etwa Open Innovation und Mass Customization. Mit JOSEPHS® wird eine Plattform für Kundeninteraktionen vorgestellt. Es handelt sich um ein offenes Innovationslabor in Nürnberg, das sich als Intermediär zwischen Unternehmen und Kunden versteht. Hier werden durch verschiedene Akteure bereits in frühen Phasen des Entwicklungsprozesses Kunden und Nichtkunden einbezogen. Am Unternehmen Mifitto wird das Konzept erläutert und die Vorteile werden dargestellt.

Purpose Increasing demographic diversity within societies and workforces causes challenges with regard to the innovation performance of companies. By definition, innovation communities nowadays are composed of members with diverse function background and age diversity. The challenging question is how to manage diverse corporate innovation communities. The purpose of this paper is to find out which factors determine the success of corporate innovation communities in times of demographic shifts. Design/methodology/approach The empirical field to answer the research question are three corporate innovation communities in companies of different industries and size. Multiple case study methodology is applied to gather and analyse the data. Findings The study presents an empirically derived framework to structure success factors of diverse corporate innovation communities chronologically in the three phases of preparation, execution and finalization of a community work process. The success factors are described in detail and finally a time sequential guideline for those who are responsible for community management in demographic change is provided. Research limitations/implications It is contributed to the literature on innovation communities and it is shown that innovation communities are not only an instrument to solve innovation tasks but are also a promising means to tackle other challenges of recent demographic changes. As limitation must be considered, that the analysed innovation communities only received corporate support for a short period of time and the supporting organizations operate in manufacturing industries in Germany only. Practical implications The paper highlights that managers need to be aware that diversity in corporate innovation communities per se does not lead to success. Furthermore, a guideline of success factors for managers of diverse corporate innovation communities is presented which highlights important aspects that managers need to consider during the community work process. Social implications Due to demographic shifts in Germany and other European countries, societies in general and workforces in particular have modified. Most pervasive shifts take place with regard to age structures and diversity. Implications how manager could handle diversity successfully are therefore of high relevance for societies. Originality/value This study provides a theoretical understanding of the implications of organizational and age diversity on corporate innovation community management. Extant authors have already focussed on success factors in innovation communities and diverse settings isolated, but have not merged these issues.

The proliferation of innovation contests has fostered community-based idea evaluation as an alternative to expert juries to filter and select new product concepts at the fuzzy front end of corporate innovation. We refer to this phenomenon as open evaluation, as all registered participants can engage in jury activities like voting, rating, and commenting. While previous research on innovation contests and user engagement includes participant-based evaluation, the iestigative focus so far has not been on this phenomenon. Access to jury activities in open evaluation practice contradicts innovation theory, which recommends careful selection procedures to establish expert juries for assessing new product concepts. Additionally, little is known about contingency factors that influence the performance and acceptance of open evaluation's results. To address these two questions on the objectives and contingency factors for open evaluation of new product concepts, this study applies exploratory multiple-case research of open evaluation in nine innovation contests. Data collection encompassed expert interviews and complementary sources of evidence. Results indicate that firms pursue six distinct objectives to support participant-based generation and selection of new concepts. In addition, eight contingency factors influence the performance of open evaluation and the acceptance of its results. Finally, results showed open evaluation output to efficiently complement jury decisions in filtering and selecting ideas for new product development.

In this paper we suggest principles for boundary objects’ use in innovation communities. The goal of these principles is to effectively conduce a shared understanding. For that reason knowledge boundaries must be overcome. We link the theoretical concepts of (1) the boundary objects classification (Carlile, 2004) and (2) the community learning model of van den Bossche (2011) to set a foundation for these principles. Afterwards we empirically develop principles in a field study. Findings suggest that syntactic boundary objects contribute to construct meaning, semantic boundary objects to co-construction, and pragmatic boundary objects to constructive conflict. We can thus suggest principles for use of boundary objects at the three levels of community learning to effectively establish shared understanding in innovation communities.

Flexible production technologies like 3D printing give users a large solution space to innovate and design. To harness the full potential of these technologies, it is imperative to provide toolkits, with structured and simplified solution space that meets the needs of users with low iolvement. This pa-per explores the manner in which the solution space of 3D printing toolkits is simplified for non-expert users. Toolkit solution space was analysed in 68 toolkits with two perspectives of modularity: 1) Mod-ularity-in-use and 2) Modularity-in-design. First, the solution spaces were categorized in a 2x2 matrix by using the perspective of modularity-in-use, i.e. design questions and design options they offer to users. Second, this categorization and the perspective of modularity-in-design were used to identify mechanisms that simplify toolkit solution spaces. Solution space can be simplified for non-expert users by 1) offering iterative design questions with known design options, 2) using generative algorithms, 3) reusing designs and components from other users and 4) offering ‘meta-toolkits’ for users to create their own toolkits. The meta-toolkits democratize toolkit creation, and simplify solution space for non-expert users, as they design innovative and customizable products, together with expert users, without losing design flexibility.

Organizations increasingly experiment with new interfaces for knowledge sharing to foster innovation. More precisely, a variety of actors from inside and outside the organization who before hardly had any interfaces in their daily work are now expected to share their knowledge. Using data collected in an explorative qualitative study with innovation managers across Europe we explore what types of semantic and pragmatic boundaries exist as barriers to knowledge sharing at newly emerging interfaces. Thereby, distinct open and hidden behavioral patterns have been identified for each type of boundary. This understanding is a precondition for fostering and managing knowledge processes at newly emerging interfaces. Also, it enables practitioners and researchers alike to engage in a more nuanced discussion of these new facets of complexity of knowledge sharing in innovation projects.

Service systems engineering (SSE) focuses on the systematic design and development of service systems. Guided by a value proposition, service systems enable value co-creation through a configuration of actors and resources (often including a service architecture, technology, information, and physical artifacts), therefore constituting complex socio-technical systems. IS research can play a leading role in understanding and developing service systems. SSE calls for research leading to actionable design theories, methods and approaches for systematically designing, developing and piloting service systems, based upon understanding the underlying principles of service systems. Three major challenges have been identified: engineering service architectures, engineering service systems interactions, and engineering resource mobilization, i.e. extending the access to and use of resources by means of IT. Researching SSE is challenging. Assessing the models, methods, or artifacts of SSE often requires embedded research within existing or even novel service systems. Consequently, approaches such as piloting IT-based innovations, design research or action research are the most promising for SSE research. As an integrative discipline, IS is in a unique position to spearhead the efforts in advancing the architecture, interaction, and resource base of service systems with evidence-based design.