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Ethische Aspekte der Aufmerksamkeitsökonomie - Schädigung und Legitimität im Informationszeitalter
(2023)
Die vorliegende Arbeit geht der Forschungsfrage „Ist die illegitime Schädigung der Nutzer untrennbar verbunden mit dem Geschäftsmodell der Aufmerksamkeitsökonomie?“ nach. Sie beschreibt ein Geschäftsmodell, dass von der Dreiecksbeziehung Plattformbetreiber – Nutzer – Werbetreibender geprägt ist und dessen Anreizstrukturen dazu führen, dass Plattformbetreiber davon profitieren, Nutzer so lange wie möglich auf ihren Plattformen zu hal-ten. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Nutzung der Plattformen mit psychischen Problemen zusammenhängt, was eine Schädigung im wirtschaftsethischen Kontext darstellen kann. Weiter wird demonstriert, welchen technischen und psychologischen Mechanismen Mehrnutzung und Schädigung unterliegen. Vor dem Hintergrund der wirtschafts-ethischen Konzepte des Nichtschädigungsgebots (keine Schädigung ohne legitimen Grund), der Goldenen Regel (behandele andere so, wie Du selbst behandelt werden möchtest), dem Spielverständnis (gemeinsames, mentales Modell über Handlungen innerhalb eines Handlungsrahmens) und der Legitimität (gesellschaftlich verallgemeinerbare Akzeptanz von gegebenenfalls auch schädigenden Handlungen) wird das Geschäftsmodell der Aufmerksamkeitsökonomie diskutiert.
Team reflexivity has gained increasing research attention as an effective response to the core challenge of constant learning, innovation, and adaptation in teams due to changing circumstances. Under the right conditions, empirical studies have found that team reflexivity can improve team performance, team learning, team innovation, team creativity, and team member well-being. Thus, research shows that team reflexivity is an effective means to improve teamwork and team outcomes. This book addresses the problem that team reflexivity research is focused too narrowly on improving these empirical team outcomes while neglecting the importance of normative principles and values in good teamwork, such as the do no harm principle. Therefore, this book proposes that the team reflexivity concept needs broader reframing and deeper reflection to realize normative principles and values in teams as a precondition for good teamwork, e.g., do no harm. It further presents two team reflexivity tools and applies them in the cases of burnout prevention and speaking up freely in teams to illustrate the point of this book: Do no harm in teams requires team reflexivity, and vice versa, team reflexivity requires do no harm.
Risikopolitischer Investitionsschutz nimmt zur Förderung von ausländischen Direktinvestitionen (ADI) in Entwicklungsländern eine wichtige Funktion ein. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert unterschiedliche Investitionsschutzinstrumente im internationalen Kapitalverkehr. Hierbei werden Schwerpunkte auf öffentliche Investitionsgarantien und -versicherungen gelegt, wobei das Instrumentarium der Multilateralen Investitions-Garantie-Agentur (MIGA) als Institution der Weltbankgruppe sowie das der Bundesrepublik Deutschland aufgrund ihrer führenden Stellungen als vorrangige Analysegegenstände dienen. Nach einer fundierten Darstellung der Versicherungssysteme werden diese miteinander verglichen. Ferner werden die MIGA und die Investitionsgarantien des Bundes hinsichtlich ihrer Mehrwerte und Grenzen untersucht. Unter Einbeziehung auch kritischer Aspekte zeigt die Arbeit Handlungsperspektive für die Versicherungssysteme auf, um ADI in Entwicklungsländern verstärkt zu fördern.
Global Virtual Teams & Trust
(2023)
Global virtual teams have become essential in any organization in the past decade, but communication, cultural, and coordination issues often affect their performance. Trust is essential for team success, especially in global virtual teams. This book explores how leadership can establish and maintain trust in global virtual teams to improve cooperation and performance. It suggests that leaders should invest in trust by realizing the ethical focal point ‘do no (illegitimate) harm’ realized by showing respect, providing orientation, setting framework conditions, and acting as role models with trustworthy behavior and consistent communication. About the author Dr. Lili Jassemi is the co-founder and CEO of Avantgardist Institut, a value-driven research and educational platform that supports leaders, teams, and organizations to achieve optimal performance based on 'trust' and collaboration. This book’s content serves as the blueprint for Avantgardist Institut’s work which has elaborated the D3 trust journey (digital, diverse, decentral) based on D3 experiential learning using unique human and digital networks.
Aufgrund fehlender Industriestandards/-verhaltenskodizes sehen sich (potentielle) Kunden von Unternehmensberatungen Informationsasymmetrien und Unsicherheiten ausgesetzt. Die Vertrauensbeziehung zwischen Kunden und Unternehmensberatern ist die zentrale Voraussetzung für Kooperationen und Kundenvertrauen ist somit der größte Vermögenswert einer Beratung. Der Auf- und Ausbau von Kundenvertrauen hängt vor allem von der Vertrauenswürdigkeit der Berater ab. Mit Kompetenz und Integrität besitzt Vertrauenswürdigkeit im Allgemeinen zwei Dimensionen. Beratungen fokussieren mit ihren Prozessen und Tools vor allem die Kompetenz ihrer Berater. Es fehlen gleichsam professionelle Methoden, um auch die Integrität der Berater zu schulen. Hierfür sind die Beraterprozesse und –tools als Derivate der Betriebswirtschaftslehre nicht ausreichend effektiv, da sie Ideale und Werte nicht explizit berücksichtigen (können). Ethik bietet Beratern diese fehlende strukturierte Orientierung zum Umgang mit moralischen Dilemmata und hilft ihnen so, sich integer zu verhalten und damit ihre eigene Vertrauenswürdigkeit zu steigern. Die in der vorliegenden Arbeit entwickelte Ökonomische Ethik der Unternehmensberatung bietet eine ethisch gehaltvolle und gleichzeitig praktikable Orientierung für Unternehmensberater. Sie reframed integres Verhalten, sodass es sich hierbei nicht um einen Verzicht auf Gewinne bzw. den eigenen Nutzen, sondern um eine Investition in den Vermögenswert Kundenvertrauen handelt.
More sustainable food consumption and production could make a significant contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and protecting natural resources. Nevertheless, the market shares of “green” products are still low. This cumulative dissertation aims to increase green consumption by exploring different marketing communication strategies. Article I shows that Point-of-Sale technologies such as digital signage and augmented reality can draw consumers' attention to sustainable products and increase their sales. Article II focuses on the formulation of advertisement messages and suggests that their credibility is a central driver for buying intentions. Since specifically formulated environmental benefits are perceived as particularly credible, their use is the most promising. The third article proves the effectiveness of a newly developed form of green advertisements aiming at increasing both the perceived customer orientation and environmental responsibility of a company. Article IV tests an information app to educate consumers about the sustainability of products and shows that a simple and credible 'sustainability index' is most effective in shaping behavior.
The topic of transparency in CSR reporting provides several opportunities for research. This dissertation contributes to three of them, over the course of three research manuscripts. Research on CSR reporting has produced an extensive literature. Scholars have reviewed this literature with varying extensiveness and points of view. However, the question whether CSR reports overall provide decision-useful information to capital markets has received little attention. Thus, the first manuscript provides such a review of the empirical literature and its major findings. One potential influence on the quality of CSR reports may be the fact whether a report is externally assured by an independent party. The second manuscript thus investigates how external assurance is associated with principles of CSR reporting quality at the firm level. The third manuscript is concerned with the practical implementation of transparency in CSR.
Many recent scandals in banking highlight the importance and challenges of risk governance due to non-financial risk issues such as misconduct and failed risk cultures of financial corporations. The study of risk culture and misconduct in banking requires addressing questions on corporate governance beyond compliance; next to the empirical level, it is important to focus fundamentally on normative aspects, such as ethical norms and values. The heuristic of the ethical focal point of moral symmetry is developed and used to unravel these complex culture and conduct issues on both the normative and empirical level to differentiate good conduct from misconduct in the banking industry, and to guide leaders and risk-takers in decision-making. Based on three case studies on recent banking scandals, the following main drivers of risk culture and misconduct issues in banking were derived: (i) bad leadership, (ii) decoupling of actions and values, and (iii) ignorance of risk policies due to the complexity and ambiguity of the banking business. Banks are requested to internalize a heuristic such as the ethical focal point of moral symmetry to overcome the issues of misconduct and its spill-over effects on risk-taking and risk culture in the banking industry.
This cumulative dissertation covers three studies on the research subject of Cross-Cultural-Negotiations. The first study provides a systematic literature review of the research field. It categorizes and synthesizes the literature based on the cultural dimensions used in negotiation research and sorts it along the four negotiation stages of Adair and Brett (2005). It shows controversial findings, research gaps, highlights potential impasses in methodological approaches, and provides recommendations for future research. The second study investigates the potential cultural influence on First Offer anchors in negotiations. No support for a direct cultural influence could be found. Instead, the participants' age and concerns that the opposite may take advantage of a too low First Offer has been found to influence First Offers. Additionally, the latter finding shows significant differences across cultures. The third study investigates whether the implicitly understood universality of ‘Getting to yes’ (Fisher, Ury, and Patton 2012) holds in a Cross-Cultural-Context. The study finds that the implicitly understood universality of principled negotiations is not supported by findings in Cross-Cultural-Negotiation research. Instead, a dichotomic applicability of the authors’ advice of ‘Getting to yes’ along the bipolar cultural construct of Hofstede’s Individuality dimension was found. This dissertation underlines that culture has a high impact on negotiations. It provides research, practice, and teaching additional knowledge to address and deal with the phenomenon of culture in Cross-Border-Negotiations.
Supply Chain Due Diligence (SCDD) is conducted by companies to minimise or even eliminate risks of being iolved directly or indirectly in human rights violations. It is part of Human Rights Due Diligence (HRDD) requirement. Through their suppliers companies may be exposed to irresponsible business practices. Considering this, companies should be able to systematically formulate concise demand from their suppliers that they practice responsible business practices which respect human rights. Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) as management tool commonly assist companies to direct suppliers methodically in achieving their financial goals. This research attempts to repurpose SRM concepts to enable companies to conduct SCDD methodically. Defining human rights requirements into practical supplier’s evaluation system is a challenging task. Possible criteria and their indicators are discussed. The structure and processes to implement SRM framework for SCDD purposes are also described. Keywords Supply chain due diligence, human rights due diligence, supplier relationship management, business ethics, responsible procurement, supplier classification