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Academic scientists who commercialize their research findings via spin-off creation have to transition from the academic sphere to the commercial sphere. Along this spin-off creation process, they face challenges adapting to the conflicting logics of these spheres. We hypothesize that throughout the three phases of this process, the importance of the academic sphere decreases while the importance of the commercial sphere increases. We collected a representative sample of 1,149 scientists from the German state of Thuringia. To test our hypotheses, we apply dominance analysis and estimate the relative importance of the two spheres. In line with our hypotheses, the importance of the academic sphere declines and the importance of the commercial sphere increases at the beginning of the process. Towards the end of the process, we observe a further decline in the relative importance of the academic sphere, but, unexpectedly, also a decline for the commercial sphere. Notably, our results show that the commercial sphere is in general more important than the academic sphere throughout the process. Our results challenge existing conceptualizations that emphasize the importance of the academic sphere, especially at the beginning of the spin-off founding process. The results provide intervention points for policy measures to promote academic spin-offs.
Entrepreneurship is vital to the self-understanding and international reputation of HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management. Yet, the scope of how far-reaching startup activities stemming from it has not fully been depicted. This is what the HHL Entrepreneurship Report 2024 introduces - as the first comprehensive written overview of HHL's startup activities. The release of the report is in line with the introduction of a brand new entrepreneurial degree, which welcomed in fall its first students: our new Master in Entrepreneurship.
This report, which is the first of its kind at HHL, offers a comprehensive overview over HHL's activities to support aspiring and settled entrepeneurs - while also giving voice to and highlighting founders that have grown out of this far-reaching network. In focus of this report stand the startup journeys of the people in the HHL entrepreneurship ecosystem. The report captures all stages of the manifold experiences that founders and entrepreneurs in our network have made - from the initial idea to their startup creation and growth.
The startups emerging out of HHL strongly contribute to socio-economic problem solving in Leipzig, Saxony and beyond. In terms of output, HHL and its alumni perform outstandingly, with a high startup rate, four unicorns, and Stifterverband's #1 Founding University six times in a row. Their activities span many domains, with existing firms and big corporations also borrowing from them - concerning creativity, innovativeness, agility, speed, efficiency, demand-orientation, and costumer-orientation.
HHL is Germany's #1 university for founders. Entrepreneurship has been in the DNA of the university since its foundation in 1898. More than 530 startups - of which four are considered unicorn startups - have emerged out of the university's student and alumni network. HHL has grown its reputation as a valued cooperation and consulting partner due to its manifold expertise in entrepreneurship research, teaching, and transfer.
We hope that this report does not only inform, but also inspire you to incorporate just a little more startup spirit into your life. You are invited to reach out for collaboration - and become part of HHL's entrepreneurial ecosystem.
Transferring knowledge and technology from academia to industry is usually understood as a process. While previous research focuses on phenomena along the process and its outcomes, the starting point of the process—the initiation of a transfer activity—remains unstudied. We conceptualize this initiation as a simultaneous recognition of a transfer opportunity and the choice of a transfer channel and provide first empirical insights into the initiation of the transfer process. We use survey data from 1149 scientists from the German state of Thuringia and their activities in science–industry collaboration, intellectual property rights, and spin-off creation. We employ seemingly unrelated regressions to account for selection and multiple channel choices in our econometric approach. Our results show a positive relationship between scientists’ different kinds of prior knowledge and the probability of recognizing a transfer opportunity. Contrary to our expectations, scientific impact reduces the likelihood of recognizing a transfer opportunity. For the choice of the transfer channel, the results show a positive relationship between choosing the spin-off channel and risk willingness, as well as basic research. Applied research increases the likelihood of choosing intellectual property rights as a channel. Furthermore, role models are positively associated with these two channels.
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