TY - JOUR U1 - Zeitschriftenartikel, wissenschaftlich - begutachtet (reviewed) A1 - Schüpfer, Dominique B. A1 - Badaczewski, Felix A1 - Peilstöcker, Jan A1 - Guerra-Castro, Juan Manuel A1 - Shim, Hwirim A1 - Firoozabadi, Saleh A1 - Beyer, Andreas A1 - Volz, Kerstin A1 - Presser, Volker A1 - Heiliger, Christian A1 - Smarsly, Bernd A1 - Klar, Peter J. T1 - Monitoring the thermally induced transition from sp3-hybridized into sp2-hybridized carbons JF - Carbon N2 - The preparation of carbons for technical applications is typically based on a treatment of a precursor, which is transformed into the carbon phase with the desired structural properties. During such treatment the material passes through several different structural stages, for example, starting from precursor molecules via an amorphous phase into crystalline-like phases. While the structure of non-graphitic and graphitic carbon has been well studied, the transformation stages from molecular to amorphous and non-graphitic carbon are still not fully understood. Disordered carbon often contains a mixture of sp3-, sp2-and sp1-hybridized bonds, whose analysis is difficult to interpret. We systematically address this issue by studying the transformation of purely sp3-hybridized carbons, that is, nanodiamond and adamantane, into sp2-hybridized non-graphitic and graphitic carbon. The precursor materials are thermally treated at different temperatures and the transformation stages are monitored. We employ Raman spectroscopy, WAXS and TEM to characterize the structural changes. We correlate the intensities and positions of the Raman bands with the lateral crystallite size La estimated by WAXS analysis. The behavior of the D and G Raman bands characteristic for sp2-type material formed by transforming the sp3-hybridized precursors into non-graphitic and graphitic carbon agrees well with that observed using sp2-structured precursors. KW - amorphous carbon KW - adamantane KW - carbon onions KW - nanodiamond KW - carbon characterization Y1 - 2021 UN - https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bsz:291:415-759 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.09.063 DO - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2020.09.063 VL - 172 SP - 214 EP - 227 ER -